Adaptation

Science

Definition

An adaptation is a heritable trait that increases an organism's fitness (ability to survive and reproduce) in its specific environment. Adaptations arise through natural selection over many generations as organisms with beneficial traits leave more offspring.

Examples

  • The thick fur and fat layer of polar bears are adaptations to Arctic cold
  • Cactus spines are modified leaves that reduce water loss—an adaptation to desert environments
  • The peppered moth's color shift during the Industrial Revolution demonstrated adaptation to pollution-darkened trees

Related Terms

Natural selection Evolution Speciation Biodiversity

Study This Concept

Practice adaptation with free review games in these units:

Biology Unit 5: Evolution and Natural Selection