Columbian exchange

Definition

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, culture, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia) following Columbus's voyages beginning in 1492. It dramatically transformed ecosystems, diets, and populations on both sides of the Atlantic.

Examples

  • Potatoes and corn from the Americas becoming staple crops in Europe and Africa
  • Smallpox and measles devastating indigenous American populations
  • Horses introduced to the Americas transforming Native American cultures on the Great Plains
Key Fact

Some estimates suggest that up to 90% of the indigenous American population died from Old World diseases.

Related Terms

Age of exploration European exploration Colonial economies Native american societies

Study This Concept

Practice Columbian Exchange with free review games in these units:

AP US History Unit 1: 1491-1607: Pre-Columbian America AP World History: Modern Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections