Decolonization

Definition

The process by which colonies gained independence from European imperial powers, primarily occurring after World War II from the 1940s through the 1970s. Decolonization reshaped the political map of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East as new nations emerged, often facing challenges of nation-building, ethnic conflict, and Cold War pressures.

Examples

  • India gained independence from Britain in 1947, partitioning into India and Pakistan
  • African nations rapidly decolonized in the 1960s, with 17 countries gaining independence in 1960 alone ('Year of Africa')
  • The Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962) was a violent struggle against French colonial rule
Key Fact

1960 is called the 'Year of Africa' because 17 African nations gained independence that year.

Related Terms

Imperialism Cold war Non-aligned movement Sub-saharan africa

Study This Concept

Practice decolonization with free review games in these units:

AP World History: Modern Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization