Ionic bonds

Science

Definition

Chemical bonds formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. They occur when one atom transfers electrons to another, typically between metals (which lose electrons) and nonmetals (which gain electrons). Ionic compounds generally have high melting points and conduct electricity when dissolved.

Examples

  • Sodium chloride (NaCl) formed when sodium donates an electron to chlorine
  • Calcium fluoride (CaFâ‚‚) in fluorite mineral
  • Magnesium oxide (MgO) used in heat-resistant materials
Key Fact

Ionic bonds typically form when electronegativity difference > 1.7

Related Terms

Covalent bonds Electronegativity Metals nonmetals metalloids Electron configuration

Study This Concept

Practice ionic bonds with free review games in these units:

AP Chemistry Unit 2: Molecular and Ionic Bonding Chemistry Unit 3: Chemical Bonding