Lava types

Science

Definition

Lava is classified into three main types based on its silica content and viscosity. Basaltic lava (mafic) is low in silica, flows easily, and forms broad shield volcanoes. Rhyolitic lava (felsic) is high in silica, very viscous, and tends to produce explosive eruptions, while andesitic lava falls in between.

Examples

  • Basaltic lava flows in Hawaii creating smooth pahoehoe surfaces
  • Rhyolitic lava producing the explosive eruption of Mt. St. Helens
  • Andesitic lava at stratovolcanoes along the Pacific Ring of Fire

Related Terms

Volcanic eruptions Plate boundaries Igneous sedimentary metamorphic Rock cycle

Study This Concept

Practice lava types with free review games in these units:

Earth Science Unit 3: Volcanoes and Mountains