Potential energy

Science

Definition

Potential energy is stored energy an object has due to its position, condition, or composition. Gravitational potential energy depends on an object's height and mass, while elastic potential energy is stored in stretched or compressed materials.

Examples

  • A book held above a table has gravitational potential energy
  • A drawn bow stores elastic potential energy before releasing an arrow
  • Water behind a dam has potential energy that can be converted to electricity
Key Fact

Gravitational PE = mgh; Elastic PE = ½kx²

Related Terms

Kinetic energy Conservation of energy Work-energy theorem Springs

Study This Concept

Practice potential energy with free review games in these units:

AP Physics 1 Unit 3: Work Energy and Power Physics Unit 3: Work and Energy