Resonance

Science

Definition

In chemistry, resonance describes a molecule that cannot be represented by a single Lewis structure, so multiple structures are drawn showing different arrangements of electrons. The actual molecule is a hybrid of all resonance structures, with electrons delocalized across the molecule.

Examples

  • The ozone molecule (O₃) with two equivalent resonance structures
  • The carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻) with three resonance structures showing delocalized electrons
  • Benzene (C₆H₆) with alternating single and double bonds that are actually equal-length

Related Terms

Lewis structures Covalent bonds Vsepr

Study This Concept

Practice resonance with free review games in these units:

Physics Unit 6: Waves and Sound