Urbanization

Science

Definition

The process by which populations shift from rural areas to cities, leading to the growth of urban areas. Urbanization increases demand for resources, generates more waste and pollution, and transforms natural landscapes into built environments.

Examples

  • The rapid growth of cities like Lagos and Mumbai as rural populations seek economic opportunities
  • Urban heat islands where cities are several degrees warmer than surrounding rural areas due to concrete and asphalt
  • Increased stormwater runoff in cities because impervious surfaces prevent water from soaking into the ground

Related Terms

Population growth Demographic transition Air pressure Water pollution

Study This Concept

Practice urbanization with free review games in these units:

AP Environmental Science Unit 5: Land and Water Use World Geography Unit 8: Human Geography and Culture