Water properties

Science

Definition

The unique physical and chemical characteristics of water that make it essential for life. These include high specific heat, cohesion and adhesion, the ability to dissolve many substances (universal solvent), and the fact that ice is less dense than liquid water.

Examples

  • Water's high specific heat keeps coastal climates moderate — oceans absorb heat in summer and release it in winter
  • Cohesion allows water to form droplets on a surface, while adhesion lets water climb up a thin paper towel
  • Ice floating on lakes insulates the water below, allowing fish and aquatic life to survive winter
Key Fact

Water's specific heat = 4.18 J/g·°C. Its polarity and hydrogen bonding explain most of its unique properties.

Related Terms

Hydrogen bonding Phases of matter Solubility Water cycle

Study This Concept

Practice water properties with free review games in these units:

AP Biology Unit 1: Chemistry of Life