Circuits

Science

Definition

An electrical circuit is a closed loop through which electric current can flow. Circuits require a voltage source, conductive path, and typically a load (resistance). They can be arranged in series or parallel configurations.

Examples

  • A simple flashlight has a battery, switch, wire, and bulb in a series circuit
  • Household outlets are wired in parallel so that each device operates independently
  • A short circuit occurs when current bypasses the load, which can cause overheating
Key Fact

Ohm's Law: V = IR, where V is voltage (volts), I is current (amps), and R is resistance (ohms).

Related Terms

Ohm's law Electric charge Series and parallel Electromagnetic induction

Study This Concept

Practice circuits with free review games in these units:

Physics Unit 8: Electricity