Electric charge

Science

Definition

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience electromagnetic force. There are two types: positive (protons) and negative (electrons). Like charges repel and opposite charges attract, following Coulomb's law.

Examples

  • Rubbing a balloon on hair transfers electrons, giving the balloon a negative charge that sticks to walls
  • Lightning occurs when charge separation in clouds creates a massive potential difference with the ground
  • Static cling in laundry happens because tumbling transfers electrons between fabrics
Key Fact

Coulomb's Law: F = kq₁q₂/r², where k = 8.99 × 10⁹ N·m²/C². Elementary charge e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.

Related Terms

Circuits Ohm's law Electromagnetic spectrum Subatomic particles

Study This Concept

Practice electric charge with free review games in these units:

Physics Unit 8: Electricity