Mitosis

Science

Definition

Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. It is used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms. The process includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by cytokinesis.

How It Works

  1. During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
  2. In metaphase, chromosomes align along the cell's equator (metaphase plate).
  3. During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
  4. In telophase, nuclear envelopes re-form around each set of chromosomes.
  5. Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm, producing two identical daughter cells.

Examples

  • Skin cells dividing to heal a wound
  • A growing embryo rapidly undergoing mitotic divisions
  • Root tip cells dividing to elongate a plant root
Key Fact

Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid (2n) daughter cells.

Related Terms

Cell cycle Meiosis Dna replication Cell organelles

Study This Concept

Practice mitosis with free review games in these units:

AP Biology Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle