Observational studies

Math

Definition

A type of statistical study where researchers observe and collect data without manipulating variables or assigning treatments. Unlike experiments, observational studies cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Examples

  • Studying whether people who exercise more have lower blood pressure by surveying existing habits
  • Tracking students' phone usage and comparing it to their GPA
  • Examining health outcomes of smokers vs. non-smokers without assigning anyone to smoke

Related Terms

Experiments Bias Sampling methods Correlation

Study This Concept

Practice observational studies with free review games in these units:

AP Statistics Unit 3: Collecting Data