Checks and balances

Definition

The constitutional system in which each branch of government (legislative, executive, judicial) has the power to limit the actions of the other branches, preventing any single branch from becoming too powerful. This system ensures accountability and protects against the abuse of power.

Examples

  • The President can veto bills passed by Congress, but Congress can override with a two-thirds vote
  • The Senate must confirm presidential appointments to the Supreme Court
  • The Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional through judicial review
Key Fact

The Founders designed checks and balances based on Montesquieu's idea of separation of powers.

Related Terms

Constitutional principles Judicial review Congress Presidency

Study This Concept

Practice checks and balances with free review games in these units:

AP U.S. Government and Politics Unit 2: Interactions Among Branches