Congressional powers

Definition

The specific authorities granted to Congress by Article I of the Constitution, including the power to tax, spend, regulate commerce, declare war, and make all laws 'necessary and proper' for executing its duties. Some powers are enumerated (explicitly listed) while others are implied through the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Examples

  • Congress has the sole power to declare war, though presidents have often used military force without formal declarations
  • The Commerce Clause gives Congress power to regulate interstate and international trade
  • Congress uses the 'power of the purse' to control federal spending
Key Fact

Article I, Section 8 lists Congress's enumerated powers; the Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) expands them.

Related Terms

Congress Congress structure Checks and balances Lawmaking process

Study This Concept

Practice congressional powers with free review games in these units:

U.S. Government Unit 3: The Legislative Branch