Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Science

Definition

Prokaryotes are simple, single-celled organisms (bacteria and archaea) that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Eukaryotes have cells with a true nucleus enclosed by a membrane, along with complex organelles like mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.

Examples

  • E. coli is a prokaryote with a single circular chromosome
  • Human cells are eukaryotic with DNA organized into 46 chromosomes
  • Yeast is a single-celled eukaryote used in baking and brewing
Key Fact

Prokaryotic cells are typically 1–10 µm; eukaryotic cells are typically 10–100 µm

Related Terms

Cell organelles Domains and kingdoms Cell membrane Bacteria and viruses

Study This Concept

Practice prokaryotes vs eukaryotes with free review games in these units:

Biology Unit 2: Cell Biology